Hugo Ball a german poet and playwright and his wife Emmy Hennings (Singer / Dancer) decided to open their own carbaret, which was called the Carbaret Voltaire. Under this name a group of young artists and writers has been formed whose aim is to create a centre for artistic entertainment. The idea of the cabaret will be that guest artists will come and give musical performances and readings at the daily meetings.
The venue for the Carbaret Voltaire was at the back room of the Holländische Meierei, a popular tavern located in a seedy section of Zürich
DADA (Anti Art Movement)
Result of the reaction to WW1, artists convergregated together in Zurich Switzerland. Dadaism was a rebellious movement against the carnage of WW1, which aimed at challenging the socio-economic principles of capitalists interests that was behind the war efforts. Key figures in the movement included Hugo Ball, Emmy Hennings, Hans Arp, Raoul Hausmann, Hannah Höch, Johannes Baader, Tristan Tzara, Francis Picabia, Richard Huelsenbeck, Georg Grosz, John Heartfield, Marcel Duchamp, Beatrice Wood, Kurt Schwitters, and Hans Richter, among others. The movement influenced later styles like the avant-garde and downtown music movements, and groups including surrealism, Nouveau réalisme, pop art and Fluxus.Dada came from a French Dictionary, where they used a knife to select a page within the dictionary and then placing a finger at random on the page and landed on DADA. Dada Influenced Graphic design with the use of typography and Photomontage. Dada Publications included manifestos, magazines, and posters. This reveals that graphic design was indispensable for establishing the movement visual identity, and its strong design signiture. Artists decided because life and war made no sense why should their art! Dadaists contributions to the field of visual communication design were positive and significant. They introduced , a new and bold aesthetic, a creative liberation, and an artistic vision that enriched the field of graphic design.
Typography
Artists work
Tristan Tzara
Romanian, 1896–1963
Poster for Salon Dada, Exposition Internationale, Galerie Montaigne, 1921
lithograph
Probably Tristan Tzara
Romanian, 1896–1963
Poster for the Mouvement Dada: 8.Dada-Soirée
(Dada Movement: Eighth Dada Soirée), Saal zur Kaufleuten (Buyer's Hall), April 1919
lithograph with collage additions
Hans Richter
French, 1886–1966; Swiss, 1889–1943
Untitled (Duo-Collage), 1918
collage of paper, board, and silver leaf on board
Richard Huelsenbeck
German, 1892–1974
Cover of the book En avant Dada. Die Geschichte des Dadaismus (Forward Dada. The
History of Dadaism) by Richard Huelsenbeck, Hannover and Leipzig:
Paul Steegemann Verlag, 1920, letterpress
Richard Huelsenbeck, editor
German, 1892–1974
Dada Almanach. Im Auftrag des Zentralamts der deutschen Dada-Bewegung
(Dada Almanac: On Behalf of the Central Committee of the German Dada Movement)
Erich Reiss Verlag, 1920
Photo Montage
Photomantage is a variation of college in which pasted items are actual photographs or photographic reproductions culled from the press. Dadaists created uncompromising criticism of the socio-political issues. To create such images, they chose familiar press photographs, and reorganized them such that to radically alter their meanings. These works were made up of clipped cuts of press, posters, catalogs, tickets, letters, and other printed materials, rearranging, displacing, disfiguring and altering the photos and type. The technical advances and development of halftone photogravure and offset printing technology had created a tidal wave in the application of photographic images and by 1919 photomontage was widespread and commonly used in both advertising and commercial photography. Dada artists deliberately decided to use this technique to disrupt the cultural influence of mass-media on socio-political structure of reality. By mirroring on their photomontages the structural breakdown of society and displacement and alienation of individuals Dadaists aimed at disturbing the viewers' sentience and causing a feeling of consternation emanating from facing the harsh reality of modern life.
Artists Work
Johannes Baader
German, 1875–1955
Der Verfasser des Buches "Vierzehn Briefe Christi" in seinem Heim
(The Author of the Book "Fourteen Letters of Christ" in His Home), c. 1920
photomontage and collage on book page with ink inscription
Johannes Baargeld
German,1892–1927
Ordinäre Klitterung: Kubischer Transvestit vor einem vermeintlichen Scheideweg (Vulgar
Mess: Cubistic Transvestite at an Alleged Crossroads), 1920
photomontage and collage on paper
Max Ernst
German, 1891–1976
Untitled, 1920
photomontage, collage, and pencil on photographic reproduction mounted on board
George Grosz
German, 1893–1959
"Der Strafling" Monteur John Heartfield nach Franz Jungs, Versuch ihn auf die Beine zu
stellen ("The Convict" . .
watercolor and pencil on paper with photomontage
Raoul Hausmann
Austrian, 1886–1971
Der Kunstreporter (The Art Critic), 1919–1920
photomontage and collage with ink stamp and crayon on printed poster poem
Raoul Hausmann
Austrian, 1886–1971
Ein bürgerliches Präcisionsgehirn ruft eine Weltbewegung hervor (A Bourgeois Precision
Brain Incites World Movement) (later known as Dada siegt [Dada Triumphs]), 1920
photomontage and collage with watercolor on paper
John Heartfield
German, 1891–1968
Cover of the newspaper Jedermann sein eigner Fussball (Everyone His Own Soccerball)
Hannah Höch
German, 1889–1978
Meine Haussprüche (Proverbs to Live By), 1922
photomontage and collage with ink, zinc white, graphite, crayon, and coloured pencil on
board
Hannah Höch
German, 1889–1978
Das schöne Mädchen (The Beautiful Girl), 1919-1920
photomontage and collage
Hannah Höch
German, 1889–1978
Staatshäupter (Heads of State), 1918-1919
photomontage on iron-on embroidery pattern
Dada's photomontage lead to the creation of photo manipulation. Which lead to one of the graphic designs best software Adobe Photoshop, part of the Adobe Creative Cloud Collection.
Marcel Duchamp
Marcel Duchamp was a french, naturalised american painter, sculptor, chess player and writer whose work is associated with Dadaism.
Examples of Marcel Duchamps work
Fountain
Produced in 1917 using a porcelain urinal. The fountain was signed "R.Mutt"and was submitted for exhibition of the Society of Independent Artists which was the first annual exhibition by the Society which was staged at the Grand Central Palace in New York. However the Fountain was rejected by the Committee of the Society. Although the rules stated that all works would be accepted from artists who paid the fee. This Photo was taken by Alfred Stieglitz at the 291 Art gallery.
L.H.O.O.Q.
Produced in 1919 from a cheap postcard reproduction of Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa onto which Duchamp drew a moustache and beard in pencil and appended the title to L.H.O.OQ. letters pronounced in French sound like "Elle a chaud au cul", "She is hot in the arse". However Duchamp gives a loose translation of L.H.O.O.Q. as "there is fire down below".The Fountain and L.H.O.O.Q. are artworks in this series of readymades.Readymades involve taking mundane (lacking interest or excitement), often utilitarian objects not generally considered to be art and transforming them, by adding to them or changing them.
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